江西省种子植物分布新资料

报道江西省植物分布新记录3属6种,为袋果草Peracarpa carnosa (Wall.) Hook. f. et Thoms.、日本对叶兰Listera japonica Bl.、齿爪齿唇兰Odontochilus poilanei (Gagnepain) Ormerod、广东齿唇兰Odontochilus guangdongensis S. C. Chen et al.、革叶茶藨子Ribes davidii Franch.和蒲桃叶冬青Ilex syzygiophylla C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng,其中袋果草属Peracarpa Hook. f. et Thoms.、齿唇兰属Odontochilus Blume和对叶兰属Listera R. Br.为江西省新记录属。     

福建省近三年(2015～2017年)新增维管束植物种类

通过文献检索,统计分析2015～2017年间文献报道的福建省境内新发现的维管束植物,包括新种11种(隶属5科)和新记录种80种(隶属35科)。至此,福建维管束植物达252科1643属5064种。     

Modeling the potential suitable habitat of Impatiens hainanensis,a limestone-endemic plant北大核心CSCD

Aims Modelling potential distribution ranges of threatened species is of great significance for their conservation. In this paper, the distribution of potential suitable habitat of Impatiens hainanensis, a limestone-endemic and endangered plant in Hainan Island, was studied to provide scientific basis for their effective in situ conservation and re-introduction of I. hainanensis. Methods Based on eight occurrence sites and 12 environmental variables, the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm and GIS technology were used to create a model linking the distribution ranges of I. hainanensis with environments. With data on five actual distribution sites and five non-occurrence sites, four model evaluation metrics (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), kappa coefficient, true skill statistic (TSS), overall accuracy) were used to evaluate the predictive performance and accuracy of this model. Important findings The results indicated that the indicative value of all four evaluation metrics were above 0.9, indicating that the MaxEnt model can effectively predict the potential suitable habitats of I. hainanensis. Slope, precipitation of the driest quarter and coefficients of precipitation variation were the three main environmental factors influencing the distribution of I. hainanensis. At present, the most suitable habitat includes western and southern parts of Baisha County, the central and southern parts of Changjiang County, the eastern part of the Dongfang City and northeastern Ledong County, accounting for 1.8% of land area on Hainan Island. Since the potential suitable habitat of I. hainanensis is rare and severely fragmented, the protection of this species is urgent. We suggest to collect the seeds of various geographic populations of I. hainanensis to establish a germplasm resource bank. The most suitable habitat of the species, including Tian’an Village and Jiangbian Village in Dongfang City, northeast of Ledong County (Jiaxi Reserve), should be selected as the priority places for future extensive field surveys and re-introduction. © Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology.     

湖北武汉发现彩鹮

正2017年9月2日,在湖北省武汉市东西湖区府河柏泉段(30°45′1″N,114°9′15″E)观测到彩鹮(Plegadis falcinellus)1只,其隶属于鹳形目鹮科彩鹮属。该鸟种发现之处,为府河流经武汉柏泉的河段,该河段夏季被高水位所淹,夏末秋初水位降低,当地居民开挖田垄补种水稻,形成若干块半湿润的水田及草滩。同域分布有白鹭     

琼东海域橙黄滨珊瑚骨骼生长特性及其主要影响因素

基于珊瑚骨骼X射线照片,使用CoralXDS软件,对海南岛(琼)东部海域的橙黄滨珊瑚生长特性进行研究,获取了百年来的年生长率(ER)、骨骼密度(D)和钙化速率(CR) 3种生长参数.结果表明: 该橙黄滨珊瑚ER的变化范围为0.49～1.10 cm·a^-1,年均值0.76 cm·a^-1;D的变化范围1.11～1.35 g·cm^-3,年均值1.22 g·cm^-3;CR的变化范围为0.55～1.41 g·cm^-2·a^-1,年均值0.94 g·cm^-2·a^-1.统计分析表明,研究海区表层水温(SST)是橙黄滨珊瑚骨骼生长参数变化的主要环境影响因素,对ER和CR的控制较强,对D的影响较弱,但总体上3项生长参数都随SST升高而增大.光照、盐度和水动力条件等是次要影响因素.台风和强热带风暴对琼东海域橙黄滨珊瑚骨骼密度条带分布的影响也较为显著.复杂的气候环境,赋予了橙黄滨珊瑚骨骼多变的生长模式.过去一个世纪以来,琼东海域年平均表层水温显著上升,气候倾向率为0.15 ℃·(10 a)^-1,SST上升分为两个阶段,20世纪40年代初和80年代初,人类活动加剧和全球气候变暖是导致琼东海域SST显著上升的原因.     

Comparison of reptile sampling in Iran with pitfall versus double-ended funnel traps

In north Khorasan province, Iran, we compared the effectiveness of two types of traps for collecting reptiles: funnel traps and pitfall traps. Three stations were monitored over three 10-day periods and in total 544 individuals (including 200 recaptures) belonging to 5 species and 4 families of lizards (Lacertidae) were collected. Funnel traps with 280 captures were more efficient than pitfall traps with 264 captures, but the differences between the two traps are not significant. Three species were captured most often in the three different stations respectively: station 1, Bunopus crassicauda (22% relative frequency); station 2, Eremias fasciata (29% relative frequency); and station 3, Trapelus agilis (32% relative frequency). Shannon species richness indices were higher for pitfall than funnel traps (i.e., 1.45 vs. 1.40), but the difference was not significant. Pitfall traps were better for capturing species that search widely for food, while the funnel traps preferentially captured species that climb plants, such as Trapelus agilis. We recommend using both types of trap to capture the various types of species in any one region.     

Soil organic carbon density and influencing factors in tropical virgin forests of Hainan Island,China

Aims
Estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) density and influence factors of tropical virgin forests in Hainan Island provide new insight in basic data for SOC pool estimation and its dynamics study.
Methods
The main distribution areas of tropical virgin forests in Jianfengling (JFL), Bawangling (BWL), Wu- zhishan (WZS), Diaoluoshan (DLS), Yinggeling (YGL) of Hainan Island were selected, and soil samples (0-100 cm) were sampled and analyzed. SOC density was estimated by soil vertical fitting method and soil stratification method to discover the distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon in tropical virgin forests of Hainan Island.
Important findings
Results showed that: (1) The average SOC density using soil vertical fitting method in JFL, BWL, WZS, DLS and YGL was 14.98, 18.46, 16.48, 18.81, 16.66 kg·m^-2, respectively, which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the estimated average SOC density using soil stratification method in these areas (14.73, 16.24, 15.50, 16.91, 15.03 kg·m^-2, respectively). It is better to use soil vertical fitting method for SOC density estimation when the soil was natural without disturbance. (2) The proportion of SOC content in the first 0-30 cm depth interval out of SOC in the whole 0-100 cm soil profiles in JFL, BWL, WZS, DLS and YGL was 50.50%, 48.56%, 43.49%, 47.37%, 42.88%, respectively. (3) SOC density was significantly negative correlated with Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, species richness, and soil bulk density; and was significantly positive correlated with altitude, soil porosity, and soil nitrogen. However, SOC density was not significantly correlated to slope, biomass, average diameter at breast height, or average height. (4) Our study area Hainan was located in low latitude area with high rainfall and high temperature, which accelerated the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient recycling, resulting in significantly lower SOC densities in this tropical virgin forests of Hainan Island than the average value in China.     

基于遥感和GIS的川西绿被时空变化研究

探索出了利用多时相MODIS数据分析绿被时空变化的技术方法,揭示出了川西2002—2008年间绿被的变化特征。建立了绿被提取模型。用其从2002—2008年的多期MODIS影像中提取出川西多期绿被数据。其次,利用GIS技术对2002—2008年间绿被变化,及其与温度、降雨的关系等进行了分析。研究表明:2002年绿被天数在195 d以上的区域有43.3%。终年无绿被的区域有4.3%。西北部植被生长日数短,而东南部生长日数长。2002—2008年间,春季绿被面积变幅最大,秋季最小。最大绿被面积出现在2006年的夏季,最小绿被面积出现在2005年的冬季。平均夏冬绿被面积差占区域面积46.7%。在季节上,绿被面积与温度和降雨量均在0.01的水平上呈显著正相关关系,其相关系数分别为0.82和0.84。该研究成果对植被生长潜力挖掘、农牧生产和生态建设决策等均有重要意义。     

海南稻田土壤硒与重金属的含量、分布及其安全性

采集了海南省18个市(县)代表性的稻田土壤耕作层(0—20cm)样品280个,研究了硒(Se)和5种有毒重金属元素(Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb和As)的含量、分布及其相关关系,并对Se和重金属的安全性进行评价,可为合理区划清洁且富Se稻田提供理论依据。结果表明:海南稻田土壤中Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb和As平均含量均低于国家土壤环境质量一级标准值和全国土壤背景值,以绿色食品产地环境技术条件限量标准为标准,用单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评价海南稻田土壤重金属的污染状况,结果都是清洁的。但以海南省土壤背景值做参比值,Hakanson潜在生态危害指数达到211.54,属于强生态危害,从潜在生态危害系数来看,Hg(102.61)和Cd(98.89)达到强生态危害,分别比海南省土壤背景值增加1.56和2.3倍,今后应注意控制Hg和Cd污染源。稻田土壤Se含量从痕量到1.532mg/kg之间,平均值为0.211mg/kg,占47.5%的稻田土壤Se含量处于中等及以上水平(>0.175mg/kg)。Se含量高的稻田土壤主要集中在东北部的海口及其周边的澄迈、定安、文昌和琼海,还有东南部的万宁和保亭。由于重金属平均含量还比较低,可暂时忽略重金属污染,故可在上述Se含量高的稻田土壤上种植富Se水稻。稻田土壤Se含量与Hg、Cd和As含量呈极显著或显著正相关,因此今后应加强研究稻田土壤Se与Hg、Cd和As的有效性及其相互作用,以便生产出绿色的富Se优质大米。     

不同播种时间对吉林省西部玉米绿水足迹的影响

玉米是吉林省西部的主要农作物,水是玉米生产的主要制约因素.如何有效利用有限的水资源,保证玉米高产是亟需解决的问题.通过大田试验,探讨不同播种时间对吉林省西部玉米生产过程中绿水消耗量及其来源的影响,以提高雨水的利用率.3a大田试验的研究结果表明,无论是降水较充足的2005年,还是一般干旱的2006年和极端干旱的2007年,玉米生产需水量中均以绿水消耗量为主,占98％以上.玉米生产的绿水足迹中,2005年以有效降水足迹为主,2006年、2007年以土壤水足迹为主.前3个播期的玉米绿水足迹中有效降水量所占比例,2005年分别为80.4％、87.6％和89.1％,2006年分别为41.3％、43.3％和46.6％,2007年分别为34.2％、35.5％和36.5％.适当晚播使玉米生长季中有相对较多的降水量,气温亦较高,雨热匹配较好,利于玉米生长,而且绿水足迹中有效降水量所占比重也较大.因此,适当晚播有利于提高雨养农业区雨水的利用率,保护土壤水平衡,促进农业的可持续发展.